Classification of the term “Ideal” in Pedagogy

PhD Student of

al-Faraby Kazakh National University

Yertargynkyzy D.

Term “Ideal” takes an important place in pedagogical literature. This term is spread in psychological and social pedagogical literatures. “Ideal” takes an important place in consciousness: it determines goodness and badness, truth and lie. Ideals consists of peoples’ existencional part. In this way we can form some plans, directions, volumments and other things. Ideals determines humans strategy. Ideals existencional meaning allocate this as pedagogical, psychological, social and philosophical category.

Philosopher’s says: Ideal – it as an example of future society; idea; the last top of our aims (goals); movement to our own goals.

There is a special definition in philosophical dictionary. “Ideal” – this is a special term which determines humans and societies behavior, it is a form, ideal image in this dictionary they classify the following types of “Ideal”. They are:

- Public ideal

- Humanity ideal

- Aesthetical ideal

Public (social) ideal – it is a special formulation of one group by their economical and political interests.

Humanity ideal – it can serve in high morality position. Special qualities which we can see in human (person). Humanity ideal contain of humanity values.

Aesthetical ideal – it is used as a goal. This is a development of humans creativity and relation with nature too. By aesthetical ideal, we are able to value the art [1].

All the time Public ideal is connected with historical and social factors (Platon, Aristotel, T. Goobs, C.V. Gegel, K. Marks and etc.).

Views about Humanity Ideal found itself in ethical theories. It reviews relations between people (Socrat, Platon, I. Kant, Aristotel and etc.).

Significance of aesthetical ideal is related with sense consciousness (C.V. Gegel, I. Kant). Also this is a perception of phenomenon’s in society.

Professional ideal – has a lot of meanings. It is: goals, distinctive character, educational, directional, cognitive and stimulation.

According to stimulational serve Ideal is a main criterion of pedagogy. In this aspect it reviews: goals, distinctive character, brining up of human being. All mentioned developments determines existensional form of Professional Ideal . If we review Professional ideal as a aim of education, it serves the following: organizational; determinational

Famous Russian psychologist A. F. Lazurskii classified humanity according to the types of psychics. Lazurskii says that Ideal is equal to value. Explorer Lazurskii in his job “Classification of humanity” devided humanity by their psychics, into 3 groups: low, mid, highest. The highest level be puts on the Ideal. [2].

Highest level psychologist include: "... a high rate of expansion and the close connection of endo and exo psychology harmony of the soul, a mutual agreement skills and motives of man"

B.E. Davidovish recommends to devide Ideal according two criteria:

1. According to its job

2. According to connection to the subject

Explorer gives us the following types of Ideal by the public form of consciousness. They are:

1. Education of Ideal (consciousness, science)

2. Social – economical Ideal

3. Political Ideal

4. Aesthetical Ideal

5. Religious Ideal

6. Philosophical and Humanity Ideal [3].

According to our views V. P. Branskii presented us different types of Ideals. He devided “Ideal” into 2 groups: soulful; utilitarian. Souful Ideals contains of: aesthetical, ethnical, worldview ideals. Utilitarion Ideals are economical and political Ideals [4].

Ideals which were given by Branskii contains all social Ideals. In Pedagogy the first time “Ideal” was submitted by L.E. Raskin. He allocated the following ideals: accurate ideal, syntetical ideal, general ideal.

L. E. Raskin’s classification was most used by scientists; it was used by teachers and psychologists in XX century. This classification showed the connection of young people to Humanity Ideal [5].

Teachers Pedagogical Ideals so hard and versatile. If contains worldview, professional, ethical and aesthetical aspects. Worldview aspect consists of teachers skills and their motivation. Professional aspect – is pedagogical education, pedagogical direction. Aesthetical aspect of Pedagogical Idea is the base of action, pedagogical thought, pedagogical relation.

We mustn’t restrict when we classify Ideal. According to the difficulties of Humanity Ideal we divide Ideals by the following way.

Pedagogical ideal is the motive of the pedagogical process, or more precisely we can say social order of society and pedagogical motto of the teacher.

Analysis of the above studies have shown that in the classification of the ideal can not be limited to one or two criteria. Given the complexity of the formation of the human ideal and their major role in the development of the individual, the ideal pedagogy classified by the following criteria and signs:

- In relativity to the subject: 1) personal (individual); 2) group (collective); 3) the General public, national (ethnic), General human;

- On the relativity of human values: 1) moral ideals consisting of moral properties and spiritual values of the individual; 2) indifferent ideals related to moral values;

- Volume of contents: 1)poly evaluative ideal consisting of several values and their explanations; 2) mono evaluative ideal consisting of only one ideal and explanations;

- Direction: 1) humenny, i.e. motivs associated with the interests of other people; 2) egoistic ideals are of harm to others, yourself absorbs only material values;

- Form: 1) ideal - a goal, an ideal, a dream, an ideal motto, ideal - principle, the ideal program, the ideal vision; 2) ideal image (sample): exemplary ideals can be specific people (historical or political personality in the sphere of culture, science, art or personality the environment);

- By type of activity: 1) educational ideal; 2) communicative ideal; 3) aesthetic ideal; 4) labour (professional) ideal; (5) the ideal of physical perfection.

These groupings ideals can be successfully used in the diagnosis of politeness personality in the design of tactics and strategy, the concept of development of education of the person.

All this mentioned Ideals we can completely use when we base the behavior or distinctive character. Also to improve tactics and strategies.

References:

1. Philosophical Dictionary / Edited by I.T. Frolov. - M .: Politizdat, 1991.

2. Lazurskii A.F. Selected works on psychology. - M .: Science, 1997

3. Davidovich V.E. The theory of the ideal. - Rostov n / D: Publishing house of Rostov University, 1983

4. Bransky V.P. Art and Philosophy. – Kaliningrad: Amber Tale, 1999.

5. Raskin L.E. On the directions of personal ideals students // Soviet pedagogy. - 1948. - №2.