Dossanova A.

PhD, Senior Teacher, Al-Farabi Kazakh National University, Kazakhstan, Almaty

Konyrbekova T.

Senior Teacher, Al-Farabi Kazakh National University, Kazakhstan, Almaty

LINGUA CULTURAL DESCRIPTION OF CONCEPTS «BILIM/KNOWLEDGE» IN KAZAKH ENGLISH LANGUAGES

Annotation:.The article deals with notional, constructive description of the word bilim, knowledge and its lexical- semantic meanings in Kazakh English languages, its lingua cultural description revealed by proverbs and saying,phraseological units. Nowadays it is very important to get desired job and by acquired knowledge. There are different resources and subjects for development education sphere in Kazakhstan, the third part of the state budget is spent for it. Many programs and education grants which helps develop competitiveness among youth.

Kazakh mono linguаl dictionary gives the following explanation of the word knowledge (bilim).

Knowledge substance. 1. It is a combination of information and judgments, notions in a system of human being. 2. A notion of a thing received by studying and learning. 3. A notion belonging to the definite profession or qualification. 4. Combination of means and ways of completing any kind of activity. 5. Combination of special information on definite field (system). Bilim it’s not just pedagogical and abstract notion, it is also combination of units referring philosophical, social field.

What is knowledge and its importance and content,correlation between being educated and uneducated. In order to find an answer to these questions we did social linguistic questionnaire (70 respondents between 17- 40 ages took part in the questionnaire , 2014).

Analyzing all answers we tried to show common features of the answers to the question what is knowledge/bilim in this picture.

Picture 1 – Bilim/Knowledge and its reflection in the mind

Lexical semantic groups of bylym/knowledge concepts. Assosiative mind of lexical unit bilim/knowledge is given in the picture 2.The picture shows that knowledge in the Kazakh notion takes great role and it has many sematic groups. Knowledge in Kazakh cognition has not only formed combination of information and data, but it is combination of philosophical notions.

According to the result of the questionarie 80 cognitive areas of the «bilim» have been considered. We gathered them into 6 lexical groups.

Picture 2- − Bilim/Knowledge and its reflection in the mind

Table 1 – Respondents notions referring to the concept knowledge

Philosophical	Subjects/ Objects	Material status	As a process	Personal/human qualities
	Teacher	Degree	To be	Conscious
	Tutor	Career	Flight of thought	Humane
Human’s wisdom	University	Money	Many searching	Person who thinks wisely
Instrument which helps to cope with difficulties	School	Power	Study	Patience
life nourishment	Colleges	To live wealthy	To react quickly	Organized
	Education courses	Wealth	To use terms so often	good relation
Piece of bread	Library	A person on the top	To be able to put an aim	Competence
Quality	Book	Position	Concrete answer	Good up bringing
Happiness	Desk	High salary		Talant
Society view	Tabs I phone	Travelling around the world	Knowing some languages	Cultural
Own opinion	Technology	Authority	Wunderkind	Politeness
concrete opinion	Techniques		To work hard	Cleverness
Bright future	Internet		To be active
Good way	Student		To be good sample for everyone
View to the life	Learner
Open minded	Education programs
Constant information	Grant

Combination of notion and cognition of the concept bilim/кnowlege reflected in the mind proved that they can be divided into some semantic groups. Concept bilim/кnowlege being basic concept their types, importance in the human life, function, its subjects and objects, mechanisms, knowledge formation environment, documents, normative acts, advantage of being educated for the society and these frames into the following groups.

Picture 3 – Knowlege in English peoples’ minds

The role of concept knowledge in the English cognition. The role of concept knowledge in the society can be grouped by the following ways: Knowledge –білім; Information – akparat;

Learning – oku; Еrudition – eruditsia; Notion– tusinik; Scholarship – shakirtaky; STUDY – oku, Teach –okitu.

According to the collected materials, the main thing among them, of course STUDY.

М.А. Shalagina’s work «Concept study in the English language picture»:

History of England can be traced from the time of settlement of the English in England - Saxons or even earlier, from the time of Roman rule. For many centuries education occupy a secondary role in the lives of ordinary people. However, in the time of Edward VI Tudor appeared grammatical system of free schools, where everyone could learn letter despite a number of serious problems faced by the reformers in the development of the British educational system, this system has been gradually improved: there were new schools and universities, to create conditions to train people from different walks of life, expanded lists of disciplines. It is not surprising that a large number of English vocabulary related to the formation and sayings about education occupy a significant place in this language proverbs fund "» – she said [2].

As a result of the work with dictionaries the word bilym/oku are close by the meaning with the word «study».

The word «study» in English was registered in 12 century. «Study» as a noun from the word to study as a verb was formed from the French word estudie (in middle ages from stadium in latin) entered English language.

By investigating proverbs and sayings in English we saw the importance and necessity in their cognition. Proverbs and saying concerning knowledge are used in different context.

Knowledge is something that gets information about certain sphere, phenomena or process: Live and learn/Bilim-inemen kudyk kazgandai; Experience is a good teacher/ Tazhribe – ustazdan artik; Learning makes wise, ignorance otherwise/ Oku – kun, okimau – tunek; Learning is better that fortune/Bilim – bailiktan artik.

Knowledge is something on the basis that is gained by private experience or by other peoples’ experience: We learn by our own mistakes/ auzi kuigen urlep isher; Experience schools all careless fools/Tazhiribe barligin da uiretedi, kop bilgennen surama, kop korgennen sura, Learn on your neighbour`s skaith/ Korshinin kateligin kaitalama.

Knowledge is something unnecessary between certain group of people: Don`t teach fishes to swim/ Balikti zhuzuge uiretpe; Don`t teach your grandmother to suck eggs/ Zhumirka tauikti uiretpeidi; Experience keeps a dear school but fools learn in no other/ Zhindiga daua zhok.

Knowledge is as a complex process that needs great power: Failure teachers success/ Kinalasin – uirenesin; There is no royal road to learning/ Gylym jolu – kiyn jol; No man is born wise and learned/ Sheber bolip tuilmaidi, sheberlikke uirenedi; Learn to walk before you run/ Zhugirmes burin duris znugurudi uiren.

To be knowledgable іis like relationship between teacher and pupil:Like teacher, like pupil/Ustazi zhaksinin ustanimi zhaksi: Wit once bought is worth twice taught /Gylum – zhastan, Kina tastan.

We can see from these examples that, words knowledge/study /to teach/ are close to each other and they have great meaning in English people’s cognition.

All researches concerning the reflection of the concepts Bylym/knowledge are considered as the function of concept system. According to our opinion the main thing that shows concept image of the world is a concept system. Concept system consists of inner and out constructions. Inner constructions introduce concept: frame, script, mind picture, scheme, outer constructions – word, phraseology, metaphor, sentence, word combination and etc. In the formation concept systeminner consrtuctions in the mind are grouped into the certain cognitive model. By dividing concepts into lexical-semantic groups, it is possible to recognize them.

On the basis of the language world picture and lingua cultural data nature of the concept «bilim/knowledge in Kazakh and English languages we found out that knowledge is the main value for human in in a society. Having made analysis of the semantic peculiarities of the words bilim in Kazakh and knowledge in English we’ve found out similarities and national peculiarities and semantic structures of the word bilim in Kazakh and English languages.

Used literature:

1. Kazak tilinin tusindirme sozdig. 4-t.– Almaty: Gylym, 1979

2. shalagina М.А. Concept «ucheba» in proverb world picture poslovichnoi kartine mira angliskogo iazyka // Filologicheskie nauki v Rossi I za rubezhom: materials of the international conference ( St.Petersburg, february 2012).  – SPb.: renome, 2012. — p. 178-180.

3. 500 English proverbs and sayings. Almaty: «Koshpendiler» baspasi, 2003.

4. Оxford dictionaries http://www.oxforddictionaries.com/