Doctor of Physical and Mathematical Sciences Ospanov S.S., Jaituganova A.S.

    Kazakh National University named after Al-Farabi, Kazakhstan

Transportation of oil and petroleum products from Kazakhstan for export

         Oil industry in Kazakhstan is one of the main sector of the economy of Kazakhstan. Kazakhstan's energy sector, according to almost 50% of investors, is the most attractive for investment in the long run. Kazakhstan's position in the global oil community are strengthened with each passing year. The oil and gas industry has become the locomotive that contributed to the development of Kazakhstan's economy since independence, remaining and now one of the basic elements of the implementation of the strategic objectives of the country, including the "Strategy 2050". Over the past twenty years, oil production in Kazakhstan increased by more than 3 times, gas - more than 5 times. Kazakhstan is now on the 2nd place in terms of oil production among the CIS countries and on the 17th - on a global scale.

         As noted at the ministerial session by the Minister of Oil and Gas Uzakbai Karabalin, for further promotion of the oil and gas sector of Kazakhstan has developed a comprehensive plan for the development of the oil and gas sector in the years 2014-2018, approved by the Government of the country in May 2014, which includes active measures to further improve the state of all aspects of the industry. The basis of all oil and gas processes, from geology to refining, laid the principle of the application of advanced scientific and innovative developments and high level of automation [1].

         Kazakhstan's oil and gas sector includes subsoil hydrocarbon production, transportation, processing, services and plays a significant role in the progressive socio-economic development of Kazakhstan.

         Kazakhstan supplies oil to 30 countries. According to 2013 the largest volume of oil exported to Italy (about 27%), China (17%), the Netherlands (13%), France (9%) and Austria (7%) [2].

         In the development of oil and gas fields in the link of the overall process, from the extraction and processing of oil and gas to the consumer of their products is the transportation of oil and gas. Therefore, without a highly developed transportation is impossible to create the material and technical base of the oil and gas industry and its development. To reliably providing consumers of oil and gas, it is necessary that the means of transport and storage correspond to the level of production, processing and consumption. [3]

         According to the Committee on Statistics of the Republic of Kazakhstan,  Kazakhstan's trade with countries abroad for November 2014 amounted to 8,912 thousand US $ 897.71, including

-Import - 3 428 220.55 (38.4%)

-Export - 5 484 677.15 (61.6%)

         The main export articles of the country are the product groups "Fuel and energy products" that characterizes the raw material orientation of the economy of Kazakhstan. It occupies 70.1% of the total exports of Kazakhstan for November 2014.

         "Metals and their products" with a share of 10.3% in exports of Kazakhstan ranked 2nd. "Products of the chemical and related industries" with an index of 6.5% for the 3 position in the list; the other commodity groups distributed among themselves 13.1% (see table below).

Table 1. The share of goods in total exports of Kazakhstan

Source: According to the Committee on Statistics of the Republic of Kazakhstan

http://www.kazdata.kz/04/2014-11-export-import-kazakhstan.html[4]

 

         Nowadays the main active export routes of Kazakhstan oil are:

• Atyrau-Samara pipeline (JSC "KazTransOil" - 100%);

• CPC pipeline (JSC NC "KazMunaiGas" - 20.75%);

• Atasu-Alashankou pipeline (JSC "KazTransOil" - 50%);

• Marine Terminal Aktau.

         The largest volume of Kazakh oil exported in 2013 by the Caspian Pipeline Consortium - 28.7 million tons and the Atyrau-Samara-15.4 million tons. The Chinese direction transported - 11.8 million tons. Marine exports totaled 6.3 million tons.

Transportation of oil by pipeline network

         Pipeline transport is the most important part of the industrial infrastructure of the country. Therefore, its development is one of the priorities of state policy. The role of pipeline transport is further increased in a globalizing world economy, leading to a significant increase in mutually beneficial international economic relations.

         Transportation of oil by pipeline network is carried out by a subsidiary of the system of "KazTransOil" (total length of 5323 km).

         Participants in the project Caspian Pipeline Consortium are: The Government of the Russian Federation (OJSC "AK" Transneft ") - 24%, the Government of Kazakhstan (JSC NC" KazMunaiGas ") - 19%, CTC" Company "(RF) -7%, mining companies," Chevron Caspian Pipeline Consortium Company "- 15%," Lukarco BV "- 12.5%," Mobil Caspian Pipeline Company "- 7.5%," Rosneft-Shell Caspian Ventures Limited "- 7.5%," ANY International (NA) NV S.ar. l. "- 2%," BG Overseas Holdings Limited "- 2%," Kazakhstan Pipeline Ventures CCW "- 1.75% and" Oryx Caspian Pipeline Co., Ltd. "- 1.75% [5].

Marine transportation of oil

         Nowadays the main active marine transportation routes are:

• Aktau-Baku (Caspian Sea);

• Aktau-Makhachkala (Caspian Sea);

• Routes to the Black Sea ports.

          Development of international transport passageway "East - West" and "North - South", as well as the activation of the development of oil fields on the shelf, create objective conditions for the creation of a modern maritime transport infrastructure of the Republic and Kazakhstan given the opportunity to actually become a marine power with port development and its merchant navy.

 Now, in the country has built a number of new roads and railways [6].

         '' Transport infrastructure is the circulatory system of our industrial economy and society. I have said many times that a developed country without quality modern highways do not happen. In addition, Kazakhstan lines of communication are important in terms of its location between Europe and Asia, North and South '' - said President Nursultan Nazarbayev, representing the Development Strategy of Kazakhstan until 2050.

 

References:

 

1.Journal "Munayshy" Special Edition ¹4, July, 2014, http://www.thkmg.kz/ru/media/article/4368

2.Report of the  Minister of Oil and Gas of Kazakhstan (Astana, 7th  April, 2014)

http://pravo.zakon.kz/4615031-doklad-ministra-nefti-i-gaza-na.html

3. Transportation of oil and gas, Yu.A.Zakozhurnikov, Volgograd, 2010., p.5-6

4. 11-2014 Import and Export of Kazakhstan. http://www.kazdata.kz/04/2014-11-export-import-kazakhstan.html

5. JSC NC '' KazMunaiGas '', http://www.kmg.kz/manufacturing/oil/

6. http: //www.kazpravda.kz/news/ekonomika/kazahstan