Yagutkin S.M., Kiseleva J.F. Fomin R.
Belgorod state university
The ANALYSIS of DISPROPORTIONS in
the ECONOMY of RUSSIA in the SOUTH
The economy of the South of Russia is a system of attitudes in the
society on use of compactly located, technologically interconnected
nature-economic resources. Criteria of efficiency is minimization of expenses
of resources at reception of the maximal useful effect expressing in creation
of the consumer blessings claimed by a society.
The economy of southern areas of Russia is in a condition of revival,
that is native for the republics of Caucases and dynamical development that is
native for Belgorod, Rostov areas, Krasnodar and Stavrapol edges. Together with
it the following disproportions caused by features of regional social and
economic development are aggravated.
The first. Discrepancy of territorial - administrative division of
subjects of Federation to nature-climatic accommodation of industrial resources
that creates the certain complexities in development of the inter-regional
integration processes connected to realization of national programs and
financed by an administrative principle. The sanction of the given
contradiction is possible on the basis of the further development of
transterritorial corporations including in the structure of interested managing
subjects irrespective of their site. For example, on value of the hydro-thermal
factor describing the ratio of quantity of the fallen deposits and activity of
solar radiation, influencing on duration of the vegetative period, Belgorod
area is closer to parameters of Southern Federal district, rather than Central.
Therefore, the "know-how" of production of flowers-growing initially
assumes, that on the one hand Krasnodar territory, Rostov area , other subjects
of Southern Federal district are suppliers of early and superearly fruit-and-vegetable
production on Belgorod area. On the other hand Belgorod area together with them
is the supplier of same production in more northern edges as represents a
residential suburb of the largest megacities of Moscow and Saint Petersburg.
For consumption of food stuffs according to medical norms of a balanced diet
manufacture of vegetables per capita in Belgorod area and areas of Southern
Federal district about existing 280-320 kg. should increase up to 360-380kg. to
2010. be doubled to 2015 and treble to 2020, having exceeded parameters
prereform 1990. For this purpose it is necessary to increase entering of
organic and mineral fertilizers up to technological parameters and enter into
an agricultural revolution all arable lands deduced for the last 20 years, and
as to restore the destroyed hydromeliorative constructions.
The second. The undeveloped local industry on which share comes no more
than 10-12 % from total of articles of food consumed by the population and
services. It is necessary to note, that for dynamical development of region
densities of the local industry should make not less than 75-80 % in total
amount of commodity circulation of the articles of food consumed by the
population. Development of the local industry promotes the decision of the
following problems. First, to complex use of resources, due to development of
new technologies and kinds of production, processing of unused waste products.
Second, to creation of new workplaces to removal of social intensity. Thirdly,
to realization of a politics of diversification, to removal to risk of adverse
development it is export - focused branches, for example, mining and iron-ore
treating industry in Belgorod area. Priority directions of development of the
local industry are: processing of waste products of industrial and household
purpose, manufacture of building materials from local raw material, manufacture
of the consumer goods. The situation is such, that now the factor of
completeness of manufacture describing to potential in Belgorod, Rostov areas
makes a ratio of own manufacture of end production 0,35, in Krasnodar and
Stavropol Territories - 0,33, and in republics of Caucase less than 0,20. For
overcoming the usual disproportions it is necessary to strengthen politics of
replacement of import, development of domestic manufacturers, having provided
8-9 % of annual growth of manufacture of the local industry. It will allow by
2010. to finish value of factor of completeness up to 0,4, to 2015y. up to
0,55, and to 2020 to leave on value - 0.7. It is necessary to note, that in
prereform 1990 value of the given factor in Belgorod area made - 0.65.
The third. Dynamic growth of industrial production at a level of 6-7 %
per one year, adverse demographic conducting to reduction of number of the
European population inevitably will result situations in shortage of highly
skilled workers and engineers in 2015-2020. approximately 220-300 thousand of
people, as a whole on region and 15-20 thousand of people on Belgorod area.
Inflow low qualified and potentially dangerous labour from Armenia, Azerbaijan,
Georgia, China, Uzbekistan etc. the states unable on available resources to
support the quickly growing the population will not solve the given problem but
only will strengthen a social pressure having put before the future generations
of Russians of a problem of today's Kosovo. For the decision of the given
problem, first, it is necessary to mechanize labour-intensive processes, having
provided outstripping growth of labour productivity, second, economically to
stimulate birth rate of the population, thirdly, rigidly to adjust migratory
processes of import of a labour, fourthly, annually to invest 0,5 % from a
total internal regional product in the target state program of professional
preparation and retraining of personnel of Belgorod region.
Thus, the usual disproportions constrain development of economy of the
South of Russia carry the latent threats of the future development and assume
realization of immediate actions on their elimination.