Pedagogics
Aitpaeva A.K.
Kazakh National
Pedagogical University after Abai
Pedagogical model of development of characteristics of an individual in
informational and technological activity in the process of preparation of
lawyers.
Educational
process is characterized by a purpose to achievement of which it is directed,
by the activity of a teacher and interaction of teacher with student.
Interaction of teachers with the students is implemented by using various
methods, forms and means of organization of lessons. From the pedagogical point
of view it is an interaction which has a significant impact on the content and
form of independent work of students, during which, mainly, the basic skills of
future specialist is formed. Analysis of application of informational
educational technologies in the education process, which were carried out by
specialists have shown that the most effective way to achieve the goal of this
process is to create informational and technological system, which integrates
the capabilities of traditional and new information technologies in the area of
education. Such system has to accompany the student from preschool age to the
moment of his/her achievement of professional level and so on. This system can
be characterized as an informational environment in which one has to “live”
during all period of education. More over, such environment has to enclose
organizational and methodical, psychological and pedagogical components in
order to ensure the effectiveness of its application in the process of
education.
System of
professional education of legal sphere as an institute of socialization assumes
the development of future lawyer as a person and individual in informational
and technological activity in the following aspects:
·
Intellectual development;
·
Emotional development;
·
Development of abilities to handle stress;
·
Development of assertiveness and self-acceptance;
·
Development of positive relation towards the world and acceptance of
others;
·
Development of self-consistency;
·
Development of motivation of learning as an element of motivation of
self-development [1].
Education
as a process includes two parts: teaching, during which the system of
knowledge, skills, experience of activity and learning (student’s activity) is
being passed (transformed), i.e. gaining of an experience through its
perception, understanding, transformation and application. Application of model
of assessment of undergraduate’s professional activity is necessary on the
assumptions that the outdoor environment has a demand for young specialist who
possesses with:
·
Specific set of knowledge (theoretical preparation and empirical
knowledge);
·
Skills (gained within state standards of education, and the skills which
are required by the changing market and social processes);
·
Project experience and experience of creative work;
·
Experience in relations: administration work, social adaptation,
self-administration and management;
·
Experience in independent business activity, possessing with high
technological methods in specific area of activity which can be interesting for
potential or real client. To this attributive characteristics of competence
(professionalism) we can also include informative and cognitive, communicative,
common cultural, axiological and ideological, linguistic, cultural studying,
verbal, sociocultural, regulative behavioral, esthetic, ecological, family and
domestic characteristics.
If to speak about the significance of
separate blocks of attributive characteristics of competence, we need to
mention that such a big importance for the modern labor market is based upon
demand for absolute specific qualities of knowledge of students – future
specialists in legal science and specific ethical norms in systems of
interrelations “human – human”, “human – society”, “human – nature”. In fact we
are speaking about the necessity to pay a huge attention to the forming of
these qualities of knowledge and achieve educational goals through them. It is
about “depth” and “consistency”. Moral categories “freedom” (operative
component “purposefulness” and “honor”) and “humanism” (operative “striving for
freedom” and “respect to a human”) are the priority aims of upbringing in the
educational institution, adequate emotional response to which ensures stable
spiritual order of the student in gaining knowledge and experience of future
profession of lawyer.
In this way,
deviant behavior of the person as a social psychological and pedagogical
problem, the informative, communicative, world viewing and regulative
behavioral characteristics of the person become a block of attributive
characteristics of competence, which conforms to the modern model of
professional preparation of a specialist in legal science. Most of models
presented by foreign scientists enclose a term “key competences”, which was
entered into the scientific language in the beginning of 1990 by International
Labor Organization. This term is explained as a capability of the person to
mobilize gained knowledge during his/her professional activity, and to use general
methods of performing actions. It is also emphasized that key competences
ensure universality which says that key competences can not be highly
specialized [2;118].
Results of long-term investigations are fixed
within the recommendations of Council of Europe and stated in five basic
provisions, acquired level of which became an inarguable criterion of the
quality of education received. In this particular case, we are speaking about
political, social competences, which relate to the living in political-cultural
society, which define levels of oral and writing skills, which is connected to
origination of informational society, which realizes the ability and wish to
learn through whole life, and which serve as main continuous professional
preparation. All the achievements in modern professional pedagogics are
associated with the following names – S.Y. Batysheva, E.F. Klimova, N.V.
Kuzminov, A.K. Markova, N.F. Talyzina and others. Most of authors working with
the model of a specialist accentuate two main components: professional
knowledge and personal skills. While describing “professional” component of the
model (not including qualification requirements developed within the state
standards), most scientists use the following characteristics of competence: special,
intellectual, social legal, intellectual initiative, self-organization,
self-regulation. [2;186]. In our thinking, it is reasonable to divide
components of model into to groups by personal qualifications: general,
development of which is important for each undergraduate, and special, which
would be a differential peculiarity of specialists in each specific profession.
In our opinion, the selection of personal qualifications which compose first
group should be implemented basing on the following criteria:
·
Focus to creation of a system of moral values; self-improvement,
self-fulfillment and self-development; development of communicative competence;
·
Objectiveness in assessment of effectiveness of their development during
educational process.
The followings are
the fundamentals for selection of skills of person, integration of which has to
lead to formation of special professional qualifications:
·
Creation of motivational, intellectual, substantial, instrumental
components of professional self-improvement, self-fulfillment and
self-development;
·
Forming up a system of basic knowledge and integral world image and its
derivative laws;
·
Development of motivation and toolkits of creative (productive,
heuristic) thinking;
·
Formation of skills of professional communication and data handling.
In the process of
preparation of a lawyer we are facing variety of tasks which he/she will have
to solve: sometimes legal cases can differ in many nuances even from
typologically similar ones. Sometimes it is not enough to apply for own
experience and knowledge gained from special literature. It is not an occasion
that a high level of professionalism includes skills in using own original
methods of work, to risk reasonably, demonstrate intuition, but at the same
time all your activity should stay within legal regulations. Using legal power
in the name of law leaves its own mark raising the responsibility for the
consequences of actions for we mainly have to deal with human lives, searching
for truth and finding it [3;57].
Considering the
above stated, basing on analysis of literature which reflects the results of
investigations of professional activity of lawyers and peculiarities in
preparation of specialists of legal specialization, we have created the model
of lawyer – a man, who by his duty and call of heart stands at the edge of
social and economical problems of the Republic of Kazakhstan.
Picture 1. Model of preparation of competent
specialist in legal sphere in pedagogical universities of juridical
specialization.
Bibliography cited
1. http://www.infolaw.ru/lib
2. Markova A.K. Psychology of
professionalism. – M.: Novaya Shkola, 1996.-C.118
3. Markova A.K. Psychology of
professionalism. – M.: Novaya Shkola, 1996.-C.186
4. Information technologies in
education, management and scientific researches. Materials of scientific
methodical conference “University science – to the region”. Editor in charge
V.A. Shapovalova. – Stavropol: Publishing house SGU, 1999.-C.57